Health Issue Adolescent Tobacco Cessation - 1319 Words

Health Issue: Adolescent Tobacco Cessation Consider how you would evaluate your program relative to each of the components. Linnan and Steckler (2002) describe the following key process evaluation components: Context-aspects of the larger social environment that may affect implementation; Reach-the proportion of the intended audience to whom the program is actually delivered; Dose-delivered-The amount of intended units of each program component that is delivered; Dose-received-the extent to which participants engage with the program; Fidelity-the extent to which the intervention was delivered as intended ( Bartholomew et al., 2011. p.526). Program evaluation is an important tool to show that the health interventions have been effective and they also intend to improve the health of the target population. Evaluation helps define the worth of a program. It is imperative to conduct program evaluation in order to provide feedback to improve the effectiveness of the program. Evaluation plans should be developed at the beginning of the health program interventions. The CDC framework for program evaluation is comprised of the following steps:1) Engage stakeholders; 2) Describe the program; 3) Focus on evaluation design; 4) Gather credible evidence; 5) Justify conclusions; 6) Ensure use and share lessons learned. Also listed are the four standards for assessing the quality of evaluation activities: utility, feasibility, propriety, and accuracy (CDC, 2013). According to an articleShow MoreRelatedTeen Smoking : Education And Prevention1146 Words   |  5 PagesBaise Assessment Public Health Problem Tobacco use usually begins during youth and young adulthood. Every day in the United States, more than 3,800 youth under the age of eighteen smoke their first cigarette. (Preventing Tobacco Use Among Youth and Young Adults , n.d.) The progress of smoking occasionally to smoking every day is due to the highly addictive drug called nicotine. There are several reasons why teens start smoking and they are unaware of the issues or problems it may cause. TheRead MoreThe Effects Of Cigarette Smoking On Health884 Words   |  4 Pagesadversely affects health, there are more than 4 million adults reported as active smokers. In many cases, nicotine addiction began in their adolescent years. The Center for Disease Control has estimated a prevention of 1 million deaths per year and 2 million due to tobacco control and programs shifting the leading cause of death or prevalence onto the youth (quote). Despite the benefits of tobacco control policies such as the excise tax, the nicotine epidemic among adolescents continues to proliferateRead MoreHealth Promotion : Tobacco Use1698 Words   |  7 PagesHealth Promotion: Tobacco Use Smoking tobacco and tobacco related illnesses has become the leading cause of preventable illness and premature death in the United States and around the world (Goldenberg, Danovitch, IsHak, 2014). This directed my decision on choosing tobacco use as a topic from the Healthy People 2020 list for this promoting health assignment. In order to support my promotion and inform the reader on this subject matter I have selected an article to analyze: â€Å"Quality of Life andRead MoreThe Community Health Assessment For Pinellas County ( Pinellas )1501 Words   |  7 PagesThe health concern that was identified in the community health assessment for Pinellas County (Pinellas) was the high lung cancer incidence rate. The rate of 69.1 per 100,000 population is higher than the state of Florida and the United States average rate (â€Å"Community Commons IP3,† 2016). Possible factors that can contribute to this concern include tobacco usage, lack of health insurance, lack of physical a ctivity, and poor nutrition. A population diagnosis statement for this health concern isRead MoreTobacco s Burden Of Disease Essay979 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"burden of disease† Tobacco use is widespread and has a heavy â€Å"burden of disease†. According to the U.S. department of Health and Human Services [HHS], tobacco use is related to over 443,000 Americans death each year and has caused approximately 8,860,000 related illnesses (2016). Thus causing it to have a higher mortality rate than â€Å"HIV, illegal drug use, motor vehicle injuries, suicides, and murders combined. Tobacco use is thus one of the Nation’s deadliest and most costly public health challenges† (HHSRead MoreGroup Counseling824 Words   |  3 Pagesdependency on tobacco, and alternative tobacco uses. Alternative tobacco uses include; smokeless tobacco, hookah and cigars. The topic is chosen because; tobacco is identified as a cause of mortality and morbidity rate causing an immense burden to the society while it is the most preventable cause. The topic is also chosen because adolescent smokers have a higher likelihood of establishing tobacco use and dependency in la ter life. Clinicians have recommended different forms of treatment to tobacco dependencyRead MoreThe Risk Assessment Tool And The Youth Tobacco Survey950 Words   |  4 PagesOn the initial meeting baseline data will be obtained from the participants with the administration of the Risk Assessment Tool and the Youth Tobacco Survey. The program will be implemented for a year. First two months of the needs assessment as well as the educational part will meet once a week for a few hours. The second half of the program will include meetings with counselors and phycologists individually and in groups. The group meeting will be one day a week and individual sessions will beRead More Adolescents, Mental Health, and Cigarette Smoking Essay1714 Words   |  7 Pagesthis research interested in looking at mental health and its relationship to cigarette smoking. By searching the Internet, I found myself being drawn into the discourse surrounding cigarette smoking, mental health and adolescent s/adolescence. By seeing nicotine as addictive, and therefore an abuseable substance, and understanding the neurological effects nicotine has on the brain, we can see how cigarette smoking is connected to mental health. In adolescents the effect is even more pronounced becauseRead MoreOvercoming the Challenge of Tobacco Use2896 Words   |  12 PagesToday one of our biggest challenges as public health professionals is tobacco use which is a leading cause of deaths that be prevented with public health campaign intervention programs. According to the American Lung Association (2010), 6.4 million current child smokers will die a premature death from a smoking-related disease. The campaign is working to give teenagers information on understanding the health risks associated with smoking and long-term health risk when they become adults. By using theRead MoreAir It Out Is A Tobacco Intervention Program946 Words   |  4 PagesAir It Out is a tobacco intervention program specifically designed to promote smoking cessation and smoking prevention among adolescents aged 11 to 18 regardless of gender, race, ethnicity or place of residence within the U.S. (e.g. suburban, urban, inner city, etc.). Until recently, speaking out against smoking carried zero authority given smoking was a personal habit that began in adolescence, a habit that continued until December 2015 when diagnosed with cancer. Now with two rounds of chemotherapy

Analysis Of The Giants - 1135 Words

In a YouTube series called GIANTS, one of the main characters named Ade is a single male who attempts to go on a date with a young woman named Mallory. Ade is also a professional dancer. One of Ade’s friends invited him to a party so he decided to take Mallory there, who is also a dancer at his studio, and it turned out to be a gay party, which Ade didn’t know prior to bringing her along. He insisted to her that he didn’t know it’d be a gay party, but Mallory was spooked and she told Ade they’d be better off as friends after alluding to the fact that some of her friends thought he was â€Å"gay† anyway, but instead of saying the word itself she just left a pause in her sentence. Additionally, Ade has a female friend named Casey who is also a†¦show more content†¦In opposition to living in a very sexualized society when it comes to products, advertisements and many of the things around us, when it comes to the question of homosexualit y, it seems that the idea that’s socially constructed is that people shouldn’t outright ask you if you’re gay or not and that you should come out when you are ready. According to our course PowerPoint, Professor Franklin stated that Foucault’s discursive framework states: â€Å"the way people talk about sexuality constructs how society understands it†. Additionally, we discussed social constructionism in class and it was stated â€Å"sexuality is a product of socialization, not an innate characteristic† in which â€Å"sexuality is legitimized and given meaning by society†. Furthermore, in The Social Construction of Sexuality, Seidman proposes that â€Å"Foucault’s perspective helps to explain why many Europeans and Americans are preoccupied with their own sexuality and that of their friends, neighbors and public figures† as sex and sexuality are â€Å"basic to self identity† (33). With that being said, it is evide nt that society plays a role in who we are and how we chose to identify ourselves. In the YouTube series GIANTS, I understand why females were beating around the bush when trying to indirectly ask, but notShow MoreRelatedCase Analysis : Giant Theatres2701 Words   |  11 Pagescontract with Giant Theatres Inc. This contract granted the rights, license, and permission to display â€Å"Kombat Rex I-V†. In March 2007, Goliath Productions received a notice from Giant Theatres Inc. that â€Å"all monies previously paid were to be returned or they would file a lawsuit.† In Giant’s letter, they included a newspaper clipping from a movie theatre in Toronto, Canada that was advertising the â€Å"Kombat Rex Series† for showing the second week of February 2007. Summary of the Analysis According toRead MoreGiant Foods Case Analysis1681 Words   |  7 PagesPROMOTION OR NO PROMOTION? CANNIBALIZATION BRAND EQUITY EROSION FORWARD BUYING PASS-THROUGH STOCKPILING ENGEL’S LAW GENERAL REASONS TO CONDUCT A SALES PROMOTION PROMOTION FOR WHICH ITEM FINANCIAL ANALYSIS THANK YOU NOTE 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: ï‚› Frozen food division (FFD) is the key contributor to Giant Consumer Product s (GCP) profits which have successfully grown over the past 30 years. The company has two main products lines, Italian frozen dinner â€Å" DinardoTM†, and organic frozen foods â€Å"NaturalRead MoreGiant Supermarket Case Analysis6309 Words   |  26 PagesThis paper is a company analysis on Giant Hypermarket Malaysia in general, but specifically focusing on Giant Hypermarket Sabah. Giant Hypermarket is a major supermarket and retailer chain in Malaysia. It is a subsidiary of Dairy Farm International Holdings (DFI) and is headquartered in Shah Alam, Selagor. In this paper, firstly we focus our analysis in identifying the Strength-Weaknesses-Opportunities-Threats (SWOT) of Giant; in addition, we constructed a SWOT Matrix for Giant where we identified theRead MoreCharacter Analysis Of The Iron Giant1038 Words   |  5 PagesThe Iron Giant, directed by Brad Bird, is an animated movie filmed in 1999. Th e movie concentrates on the insubstantial town of Rockwell, during the Cold War, with a curious young boy named Hogarth Hughes (voiced by Eli Marienthal), son of Annie Hughes (voiced by Jennifer Aniston). Annie is a waitress who worries for her son, knowing he sneaks out of the house while she works late shifts. One night, Hogarth’s curiosity spikes after hearing a story of a giant, alien weapon-robot from a drunk sailorRead MoreGiant Foods Case Analysis Essay1490 Words   |  6 PagesCase Analysis of Giant Foods. Introduction: This case involves convergent technologies, a blending of traditional and cutting-edge business models and an alliance between an established pharmaceutical provider and a fledgling, Information Technology based, Drug marketing firm. Together, these two companies endeavored to create a patient education and prescription drug compliance program by deploying the deep well of customer data acquired by Giant Foods and the proprietary software of ElensysRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Tears Of The Giants 1095 Words   |  5 PagesBASIC FACTS The oil on canvas â€Å"Tears of Joy in the Garden of Giants† by Michael Zancan was created in south west France back in January of 2011. This surreal artist plunges into his fantasies creating mystical worlds filled with vivid hues and outstanding details. A long process awaited this particular piece. During one of his travels, the first draft got misplaced at a metro station for many months. Filled with hope, Zancan continued his research of varying structural forms that 1900’sRead MoreThe Giant Pool of Money Case Analysis1023 Words   |  5 PagesA - my summary of the case) The primary issues in this case are: why did the Wall Street bankers blindly trust that the risky mortgages were good assets to invest into? And why did everyone involved allow the whole thing to go this far? The Analysis The Wall Street bankers ignored the fact that the mortgages were risky is mainly due to the confirmation bias, specifically, the Anchoring Heuristic. Bazerman and Moore’s (2009) defines the Anchoring Heuristic as â€Å"Individuals make estimates forRead MoreA Giant Among Women Case Analysis Essay935 Words   |  4 PagesA Giant Among Women, A Case Study Analysis Through this case study analysis, I will provide you with background information about Giant Manufacturing Co. Ltd., the key issues brought up by this dilemma, and an analysis of my recommendations on how to handle these issues. â€Å"The environment is intimidating, the service is bad, and they don’t understand my needs. Sometimes, there’s no dressing room, or it’s surrounded by men. It’s just not comfortable.† Giant Manufacturing Co. Ltd., one of the largestRead MoreAnalysis Of Michael Zancans The Garden Of Giants1088 Words   |  5 Pages The oil on canvas â€Å"Tears of Joy in the Garden of Giants† by Michael Zancan was created in south west France back in January of 2011. This surreal artist plunges into his fantasies creating mystical worlds filled with vivid hues and outstanding details. A long process awaited this particular piece. During one of his travels, the first draft got misplaced at a metro station for many months. Filled with hope, Zancan continued his research of varying structural forms that 1900’s dome glasshousesRead MoreAnalysis Of Wole Soyinkas A Play Of Giants770 Words   |  4 PagesSoyinka’s A Play of Giants is a dark, dramatic piece taken place inside the â€Å"Bugaran† Embassy in New York during a general assembly of the United Nations. The central storyline of the play focuses on an abomination the author describes as â€Å"fantasia of Aminian theme† in the foreward portion of the book. Portraying political satire, Soyinka depicts this play of sava gery with four outrageous dictators: Field-Marshal Kamini, Benefacio Gunema, Emperor Kasco, and General Barra Tuboum. These â€Å"giants† are the African

Deep Ecology Free Essays

Whether its watching a whale Jump up in the air and seeing him crashing back into the water, or looking at all of the trees leafs changing colors in the fall time; nature is a beautiful thing. In the past, traditional Native Americans once cared about the land. The grass, trees, rocks, and everything else had value. We will write a custom essay sample on Deep Ecology or any similar topic only for you Order Now Nowadays most people are moving away from these ideas and moving towards a capitalist mindset, only caring about their own personal gain. Deep ecology is defined as â€Å"an environmental movement and philosophy that regards human life as Just one of many equal components of a global cosystem† (Google). Arne Naess was a Norwegian philosopher who coined the term Deep Ecology. It may seem very similar to traditional Native American thought, but there are a few differences. In traditional Native American thought, they believe that everything is sacred, has value, and is alive. Deep ecologists do not feel the same way, they believe objects hold value but not all things are living. For example, if you were to pick up a rock and show it to a deep ecologist, he or she would say that the rock is not living. According to traditional Native American thought, they would say hat the rock is valuable, living and is sacred (Professor Bill Weiss). Arne Naess and George Sessions created the eight principles of deep ecology. They are the eight principles that all deep ecologists follow. The fifth principle states, present human interference with the nonhuman world is excessive, and the situation is rapidly worsening (The Anarchist Library). For example, 137 species of animals are becoming extinct each day, which adds up to 50,005 species disappearing every year, because of deforestation (Oocities). If we don’t start doing something about this issue he world’s animal population will become extinct, and that’s only from deforestation. That doesn’t include all the garbage and chemicals that we are dumping on the earth. Those also have an effect on animals all across the world. And soon this will start to effect the human population. People will start to become sick and they won’t have anything to eat because animals across the world were killed off or become extinct, and the vegetables you want to eat won’t be edible because the chemicals that were dumped on the earth reached the plants you want to eat and ontaminated them. This could potentially lead to the human population becoming extinct. I’m not saying this is going to actually happen or be an immediate result of our actions but this is what the world is coming to. The companies are the indirect problem in this issue. It’s the population’s demand that keeps these companies going which makes us the direct source to the problem. Almost everyone is caught up in the capitalist mentality, only caring about themselves and seeing how much money they can make. And when that happens they go out and buy more products which ave negatively affected the environment. How to cite Deep Ecology, Papers

Dream Boogie free essay sample

A biographical or historical approach attempt to measure how much an authors life or history has influenced their writings. Most of the time, writings are strengthened when the author writes from a biographical or historical angle, and the importance of their history becomes significant when it is used to create characters that express its values and examines trends that occur in that time period. When using a biographical or historical approach to an author and his work, it is important that the critic is familiar with the circumstances that the author writes about. The critic must explain whether or not the authors events or circumstances are similar to the events in their writing. Furthermore, the critic must determine if the author has other writings similar in style or theme to the writing they are analyzing and are there specific events or customs described or identified? Also, the critic must determine whether or not there is an ironic or satirical tone distinctive when historical references are made, and is the tone patriotic? Finally, in a biographical or historical approach, the critic must decide if the author gave a lot of attention to making the writing realistic (Clugston, 2010). Langston Hughes was born to a black mother and a white father, but he spent most of his childhood in a black community in Kansas with his maternal grandmother during the time that America was segregated. In his young adulthood, he moved to Harlem, New York, which was another black neighborhood that suffered from white racial oppression (Tracy, 2004). Therefore, not only did he see the injustice of his neighbors and his community, but he also lived it. He wanted to become a writer, and his life as he knew it is what inspired his writings. Langston Hughes stated that most of his poems are racial in theme and treatment (Clugston, 2010). His writing style that he used was very creative in presenting the situations of his era. Hughes writing was his response to the racial prejudices of his time and era (Scott, 2006). Langston Hughes embraced his surroundings and adopted the haracteristics from his culture, and with his unique style, tone, and use of symbols, he used his writings as a plan to identify and overcome the injustices of the African American people in Harlem during the Civil Rights Movement. Langston Hughes short poem, Dream Boogie captured my attention because of the style in which it was written and honestly, because of the author. The use of his words and the style of his writing, also known as the tone of this short poem give the reader insight into the dialect of African Americans in Harlem during Hughes era. Their language, which was considered slang, was informal and contained made-up words and used common words in abnormal ways. For example, Hughes used words such as aint and boogie-woogie, which was a term that was used in Harlem to refer to the blues. The tone was set on the style of be-bop, which is slang for jazz music. This is music that is improvised or made-up and put together along the way and originated in Harlem (Dictionary, 2005). Langston Hughes stated that jazz music to him is one of the deep-rooted styles of expression of the Negro life in America (Clugston, 2010). The rhythm in Dream Boogie is altered and does not have a continuous repeated pattern (Kate, 53). Through his imagination, Hughes designed this poem to reflect the mood and attitude of be-bop, and his unclearness or ambiguity leaves the reader with a lot of room to imagine or fill in the blanks. Honestly, Dream Boogie is a hard poem to analyze when it stands alone. It is a short poem that comes from Montage of a Dream Deferred, which is an entire collection of poems that was made into a book and tells a story. Therefore, the entire book must be read and understood in order to gain an understanding of Dream Boogie. Throughout the book, Hughes makes reference to a dream deferred. It is important to know that this dream deferred symbolizes Harlem (Tracy, 2004). Langston Hughes pictured Harlem as a beautiful community that could possibly overcome injustice at one point in his life; however, he began to see it as a hopeless slum. He felt like the citizens had given up on the struggle to be treated equal and become a part of the American dream. Montage of a Dream Deferred gives insight of life in Harlem (Tracy, 2004). It asks the question, What happens to a dream deferred? Dream Boogie is the answer to that question. It gives a sarcastic reply. For example, a child speaks to his father and asks him the question, Aint you heard, the boogie-woogie rumble of a dream deferred. I interpreted this to mean that the dream of being desegregated and being treated equal was just a thought in the minds of the oppressed, but they have delayed taking any actions to make it come true. Therefore, until they stop just thinking about it in their heads and start taking steps, then they will remain in the same situation. Furthermore, the child appears to be happy and the father is puzzled as to why the child is overjoyed by this. For example, the father asks the child if he thinks the beats that he hears are happy ones, and the child responds by saying, sure Im happy. I think that the child feels like he/she is supposed to be happy because it appears to him/her that everyone else is content and not too concerned about making any changes. Langston Hughes gives a lot of attention to making the poem realistic. This is because he uses a conversation between a father and child to show that the community has given up on their dream. I think it makes a powerful statement because if a child has the ability to see that people have given up and become content with their current situation, then surely the adults know in their hearts and minds what they should be doing in order for their dreams to come true. The tone displays sarcasm because the child should be disappointed, but he is not. Hughes feels like there was no dedication to the thought of a desegregated and equal America. Not only does Dream Boogie sarcastically approaches the lack of dedication of African Americans during this time period, but the entire book, Montage of a Dream Deferred, uses the same style, tone, and use of symbols to present the same ideas. The title says it all. The meaning of Montage of a Dream Deferred is translated to mean: a collection of delayed dreams. It is hard to find a lot of written information about Langston Hughes other than copies of his actual poems. His literary work was not really published until almost ten years after his death (Scott, 2006). Personally, I feel like this is because of how intense his writings were and because how they were so to the point concerning racial inequality. I think that people felt like Langston Hughes dreams had been accomplished and rather than dwelling on the injustices, Americans needed to just move beyond it and live together in a new America of equality.

Sex Marriage Personal Opinion

The problems of sex and marriage, sex before and after marriage, and the role of sex in marriage are considered to be one of the most burning ones in different spheres of life. Lots of people prefer to talk about it just in order to solve own problems and share own experience. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Sex Marriage: Personal Opinion specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Some people like to investigate these issues and find out the ways to make their marriages better and stronger. If sex is something that turns out to be crucially important, it is necessary to talk about it and present various ideas to choose the best one. Can it be that sex is obsolete? What causes these conditions? Why people like to have sex and why they try to find out a reason not to have it sometimes? To these very questions, there are so many answers. Each person has his/her own point of view, and right now, I want to share my ideas as f or the role of sex in marriage and the reasons of why sex may be obsolete. Firs of all, it is a bit wrong to apprehend sex as a kind of barometer of relationships between a husband and a wife. To my mind, sex will be always something that unites a woman and a man, helps to develop their relations, provides them with a chance to learn each other better, and comprehend each other’s desires with time. This is why the role of sex in marriage is significant indeed. When two people feel something that is hard to control, want to be as close as possible, and cannot wait a minute without kissing each other, this condition is called passion. Passion and sex are the things, which cannot be apart. Only when passion appears, sex turns out to be true and interesting for both people. Marriage should not be a kind of barrier that decreases the role of sex; it is better to accept marriage as another opportunity to experiment and use all imagination to satisfy a partner and get the desired satisfaction. When people are married, they may forget about possible uneasiness and allow themselves doing various things. Of course, some people spend too much energy to create strong and long-time relations: they spend much time at work in order to earn more money for a family, they bring up children and forget about the ways of how these children have been made; and they think a lot about how to create good reputation among other families. Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Without any doubts, these issues are really important for any family; however, it is better to achieve positive outcomes not at expense of sex. Both men and women confess that they have obsolete sex; they consider sex as one more necessity for their fleshly bodies, but nothing more. To my mind, such attitude to sex kills all romance and desire to live together. People should not forget about sex as a wonderful me ans to find out the desired satisfaction, at least, for a couple of years. However, when I remember a couple of old man and woman, who observe a sunset, holding each other hands, I cannot but admire their devotion to each other, their attraction to each other, and their desire to spend one more minute, enjoying this sunset. I do believe that obsolete sex and certain duties are not about them, as they have already found a good way to unite all the necessary issues to create a strong family and not to forget about sex. This is why they enjoy this life as no one else. The role of sex in marriage is very important: without proper sex, a couple cannot comprehend each other and enjoy each change in this life. In order to have a good family and live a happy life, it is better to think for several times about how to achieve positive results, and then take certain steps, considering sex as a significant means to make relations stronger. This essay on Sex Marriage: Personal Opinion was written and submitted by user Dexter Hewitt to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Term Paper Format

Term Paper Format Term Paper Format Term Paper Format There are many different types of terms papers and every tutor has his own formats and conventions. In your field of study, you will need to find out exactly what the accepted term paper conventions are. Note that these conventions may vary from one subject to the next. While writing a term paper, you will have to use different sources. If you do a good job with your research now, you may not have to do extra research later. Choose an original and interesting topic for term paper writing. Remember, if two term papers will have the same topic, be sure these two papers will be compared and examined very closely. While writing a term paper, choose the most direct way to express your point. Using too many words can be a greater problem than using the wrong word. Term Paper Format Tips Before writing a term paper, you probably will be assigned to use one of the term paper styles. You may be assigned either APA or MLA style term paper. While writing a term paper, examine the assigned style. Be sure that teacher will take into account your proper use of format. The term paper should have a title in the center of the first page. Pagination should start with the second page. Introduction, thesis statement, body paragraphs and conclusion are the essential part of the term paper writing. Use transitional sentences between the paragraphs You must not use first person 'I' or 'we'  or second person 'you' unless allowed by your teacher. Remember that term papers are written in a formal style. This does not mean that they have to contain long and difficult words, but rather that they do not contain contractions e.g: isn't, won't etc. Use Time New Roman or Arial font, 12 point, double-spaced format. Term paper topics mustn't have such words as 'how to'. The term paper should have at least 5 cited sources. If you paraphrase some information make sure that paraphrase has the same meaning as conveyed by the author. Change not only the sentence structure, but also the words. Give a reference to the author whom you are paraphrasing with both an in-text and reference page citation. If it is necessary, use integrating verbs. Be sure that your sentences sound natural. Paraphrase at least 70% of the time and don't forget to use scientific writing style. Cheek the term paper carefully for mistakes, it shouldn't have handwritten corrections. Custom Written Term Papers Term paper writing has a significant impact on your final grade for the course.   Many students believe that writing something is enough to get a good grade. This is a wrong assumption - writing something is not enough because your term paper is graded for clarity of idea expression, proper format, detailed referencing, and full coverage of the topic.   We offer you to use professional term paper writing help to ensure high grade.   We know what a good term paper is and we know how the great term paper is written.

Technology and the Education of Young Children Assignment

Technology and the Education of Young Children - Assignment Example OR) for Infants and Toddlers is an assessment tool consisting of forms and software, both which can be used to study the every-day development of children from the ages of 6 weeks to 3 years. It is featured in the Highscope Website. Unlike other assessment tools, which primarily focus on the infants and toddlers’ problems as well as deficits, COR gives a wholesome picture of each child’s developing abilities. The assessment programs, The Infant Toddler Social Emotional Assessment (ITSEA) and Brief Infant Toddler Social Emotional Assessment (BITSEA), along with ITSEA/BITSEA Scoring assistant software are sold in the Pearson Canada website. The programs along with the software are mainly used to assess the mental and social development of infants and toddlers. Particularly used for children in the age-group of 12 to 35 months old, it aids the parents to find whether their children exhibit atypical behaviors, show signs of disorders like autism, etc., so it can be corrected. The kindergarten readiness test, featured in the website School Sparks, consists of multiple choice questions for preschoolers and kindergarteners. These questions are from eight developmental areas, which are important to children’s success in the preschool period as well as kindergarten. After completing this test and seeing the personalized commentary about their children’s performance, parents can fine tune their wards, so they are well prepared for kindergarten. This skill assessment test, featured in the website Kinder IQ, consists of around 16 to 20 fun plus flash based questions, which can be done by the kindergarten aged children alone, or with the aid of parents. The questions are from different kindergarten learning areas, and their answers can provide insight into the children’s core knowledge. At the same time, it also highlights those aspects that can be further developed. The Infant-Toddler Developmental Assessment (IDA), sold in the website Pro-Ed, is a

Performance Enhancing Drugs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Performance Enhancing Drugs - Essay Example The danger imposed on these mixtures was that when taken in large doses they became poisonous. Actually, this is attributed as one of the causes of early athletes’ deaths like Thomas Hicks. For this reason, using performance-enhancing drugs is not new although it is increasingly becoming more and more popular. Over the years, a number of individuals involved in sports have died either during or after participation in different sports. The loss of many talented athletes who fell victim to PED overdose caused the Olympic team to start up a committee that formulated rules against doping. Nevertheless, some individuals argue that the move of making PEDs illegal was not justified. There has been continued controversy on whether performance-enhancing drugs should be eradicated or legalized. This controversy is at upper levels because some people are in favor of banning PEDs whereas others are continually discovering new ones. Reasons for not legalizing PEDs The use of performance-en hancing drugs should not be legalized. In sports, some PEDs are legal whereas others are not allowed. However, it is important to realize that the legalized PEDs are not harmful. Some of the legal drugs that can be used include supplements and sports foods that provide benefits in sports performance. These legal supplements include bicarbonate, creatine, calcium, carbonate powders, intramuscular iron, intra muscular vitamin, vitamin B12, liquid meal replacements, Melaton, and a few others. In any case, these are not drugs but considered as dietary supplements. Illegal performance enhancement drugs include steroids and methods for enhancement of oxygen transfer. These PEDs are banned because they are meant to increase a person’s activity. Continued use of the drugs, may cause danger to the user. According to most people, the legalization of drugs like steroids could result to lose of fascination in the sports world. In addition, there could be serious medical consequences for the users. Others believe that it is essential to legalize the usage of performance enhancing drugs because individuals would increase their activity, hence, increasing the fun achieved in sports. The awareness to stop the use of PEDs began after the death of a cyclist, Tommy Simpson, during the tour de France cycling race. After his death, specialists confirmed that he had been using amphetamine to enhance his activity during races. Amphetamines is a well known stimulant that is made to imitate adrenaline, hence, causes the users to experience increased alertness, energy and reduced fatigue. It becomes very harmful when the user is dehydrated and is exposed to a lot of heat. The campaign against performance increasing drugs went on and seemed to increase during the Helsinki games of 1952 and the Melbourne Olympics of 1956. However, the sports bodies involved in these games handled the cases ensuring that every player understood the consequences of using PEDs. In the current years, the debate has intensified with different people tabling their arguments about whether the use of drugs should be legalized or not. Some support the use of drugs saying that it makes the action more interesting while those who are against it argue that the use of PEDS

EAL Educational Children Support Research Proposal

EAL Educational Children Support - Research Proposal Example It is anticipated that schools will benefit from this project by contribution to best practice methods that enable purposeful learning environments for EAL students, and to encourage positive teacher relationships with EAL students will use the results of this project. Acknowledgemtents "I seek a method by which teachers teach less and learners learn more." - Johann Comenicus, writer of the first illustrated textbook (1630) IntroductionThe learning requirements of EAL children attending primary school are of critical research interest. The aim of this project is to review literature that identifies specific factors that influence the scholary development of EAL primary students, and by way of interview and observation, to evaluate teacher interactions with EAL students in their classes. It is intended that this research project align with QTT standards of professional values and teaching practices (QTT Standards, n.d., p. 1). In particular, this research project will highlight the crucial need to respect the diversity of all students, and consideration towards different learning styles. It is hoped that the primary researcher will present herself as a role model for other educational researchers to investigate and implement inclusive teaching practices. The research aims to highlight how EAL pupils learn, and key factors that affect their learning processes. It is acknowledged that when planning a resea rch or teaching project that the diversity of pupil characters be recognised as a resource. Ultimately, this project's goal is to ascertain best practice methods to enable purposeful learning environments for EAL students and to... This research project will highlight the crucial need to respect the diversity of all students, and consideration towards different learning styles. It is hoped that the primary researcher will present herself as a role model for other educational researchers to investigate and implement inclusive teaching practices. The research aims to highlight how EAL pupils learn, and key factors that affect their learning processes. It is acknowledged that when planning a research or teaching project that the diversity of pupil characters be recognised as a resource. Ultimately, this project’s goal is to ascertain best practice methods to enable purposeful learning environments for EAL students and to encourage positive relationships with EAL students. It is hoped this will be achieved through recognition of support needs for bilingual students, and and the need to provide class structure and resources oriented towards individual differences, be these gender, culture, ethnicity or achiev ement. A stimulating and motivating classroom that provides for equal learning opportunities is a key vision of this project.  This study aimed to be the first step in a personal action project, and so has identified areas of EAL student-teacher interaction that require change, or that are opportunities to be encouraged. Action research is considered a family of research methods that are oriented towards action, or change, and research understanding.

Present And Future Of Electrical Engineering

Present And Future Of Electrical Engineering ABSTRACT The report is all about the past, present and the prediction of the future of electrical engineering in the branch of electronics which plays an important role in the improvement of electronic devices as well as the new technology, electronic engineering is a broad and challenging discipline because it is composed of different kinds of electrical components such as electron tube, transistors, integrated circuits etc, therefore from all these electronic components the most vital components are transistors as they have amazing characteristics compared to other components, transistor sizing is the most challenging when electronic engineers start to design thing like computers, electronic machine etc. Basically transistors make electronics engineering to become more efficient when it comes to the production of electrical appliances because from the past until nowadays, the usage of transistors had been increasing rapidly which shows that electronic engineers always makes life become easi er. 1. INTRODUCTION Electronic engineering in the past was not interesting because during that time it was hard to invert electronic material because there was scarcity of resources that was taking control over humans life. Electronics today is taking a lead because the economy and society benefits from electronic engineering, as this is seen by anyone living on this planet. Many companies use electrical appliances such as computers, laptops, telephones etc. which lead to a good profit to their companies and thus this result in a huge growth of the economy worldwide. Electronic components are more easily to be improved and this predicts that in the future things like plasma, laptops, internet are going to disappear because the electronics creates new technological devices every second and the way electronic engineering functions create hope of amazing changes that people might not believe because things such as Identity documents for the next years will be regarded as useless papers. The society also be nefits from electronic engineering because nowadays many health services uses electronics for example such X-rays and other electronics devices to detect for other diseases. Professional electronic engineers have good ethics because they also create strong educational activities by creating fair regulations that must be followed strictly to ensure that protection is sustained towards peoples life. 2. ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING CHARACTERITICS Electronic engineering is a branch of electrical engineering that deals with the implementation of applications, principles and algorithms by using non linear and active electrical components such as transistors, diodes and integrated circuits to produce electronic machines, televisions etc which is more related to other field, for example radio engineering, telecommunication, control system and many other [1, 2].The transistors are the best electronic components that has become more useful after they had been inverted and transistors have different function because of their size. They have different physical characteristics. 2.1. Design and application of transistors in circuits Transistors may have N-P-N or P-N-P structure which function as a switch both N-P-N transistors and P-N-P transistors consists of three regions: collector, base and emitter. The base is the transistors main lead, without it, the transistor wont function, the collector is the positive lead and the emitter is the negative lead. Therefore the N-P-N and other transistors are may be used to control the flow of electrical current, power flow through the transistors from the power supply to the relay controlling the flow of electricity. Sometimes NPN transistors may usually work as amplifiers by controlling large amount of current [3]. Figure is on the appendix. 2.2. Electronic components There are many electronics that are widely used in electronic engineering to invert special electrical appliances. Symbols of some electronic components are represented on the appendix. 3. BACKGROUND OF ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING 3.1. The past of electronics Electronic engineering has evolve from technological improvements in the telegraph industry long time ago in the late 19th century , Transistor is a well-known electronic component that is inverted in 1948 at the Bell Telephone Laboratories followed by integrated circuits in 1960, electronics is often considerable to have started when Lee De Forest inverted the first vacuum tube in 1907 within 10 years, all of his electronic device was found in radio, transmission and receivers as well as system for long distances telephone cells [1, 2],electronic engineering was interesting because many things that are inverted during the 19th century are now improved to produce better materials that are very useful. Electronics play a significant role when it comes to telecommunications because the beginning of electronics is more likely based on communication and it is also improving because after the invention of radio, telegraphy and other past electronics appliances the first purely electronic television is inverted in 1928 by Philo Farnsworth [2], therefore this trend shows accurately that electronics always strive to progress from generation to another. During 1930s television had become more popular because it was recognized by millions of people to the best thing that was transferring information easily. During the past the computers that was inverted they were not programmed like the one that are being used now because they were very big and it hard to find because they only found at the laboratory of High institution and these computers was using big transistors that was storing less resources, therefore the most benefit from early computers is that they were better in terms of information transmission when compared to televisions. During the First World War electronic applications had tried to play a vital role by creating electronic weapons for defence but the most successful electronics weapons are the one that was produced when Second World War take place[5]. Hence electronics had created a wonderful social awareness by providing people with strong electronic weapons to protect their life against their enemies. 3.2. The present of electronics Electronic engineering nowadays is a challenging field because there is a lot of competency for producing desirable electrical appliances which benefit the whole world. Electronic engineering is the best because many things that are being used all over the world to create peace, economic growth, excitement and employments are produced by electronic engineers. Information technology today is based on electronics because information is transferred from one place to another by using electronic materials such as cell phones, digital computers, advanced television such as plasma and other useful electrical appliances, therefore all of this benefit the country because it maintain peoples rights. Electronics is more useful for health services and educational purpose because today at universities they are using computers, power point during the lecture time and this help students to adapt, gain knowledge and skills in the electronic and technological environment. People all over the world ar e getting proper health care because there is variety of electronic applications on medicine e.g. X-rays, Ultrasound detectors, medical research and expands other diagnostic test which save human lives. Since the invention of radio television in the past other previous century the electronics industry has been increasing drastically with the beginning of computer technologies and cell phones the electronics industry is regarded as the world largest and fastest growing manufacturing industry. Therefore this flowing of electronics it release hazardous material that affect the environment because when electric product become cheaper they tend to rapidly become more useless and some of these materials are dumped everywhere which lead to pollution [6]. 4. THE PREDICTION OF THE FUTURE OF ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING Electronic engineering will always proceed to develop amazing things because educational level of electronics is improving each year which means that the economy will succeed more toward the following years because many people who are studying will invert new things that can become more useful than the present electronics devices. Technology is also faced with a huge change because electronic engineers are always trying to improve their skills. Cars the next following years they might use electronic components and electricity to move because petrol and other oils are regarded as dangerous pollutant on the environment. Electronic engineering it might be bad when it comes to domestic employment because the many things that are created by electrical engineers makes life easier to a specific person even other professionals might lose their jobs because the engineers work it shows accurately that one day an electronic doctor can be inverted to save doctors from their work because other di sease might infect during the working times. Therefore any person must try to be preparing for the next electronic generation because new desirable things are coming such as cell phones that can be used to drive cars. Laptops will be replaced by electronic engineers because they are big when compared to cell phones. 4.1. THE TREND OF ELETRONIC ENGINEERING The diagrams representing the trend of electronic engineering 5. CONCLUSION Electronic engineering in the past was poor but it has evolved rapidly. Nowadays people are used to electronic systems, therefore this shows accurately that electrical engineering as whole it will dominate toward the next four years because without electrical engineers lot of things will disappear like a mist for example the economy depends on electronics to fulfil its profit which means that when electronics drop the whole process all over the world will subside resulting in lack of employment, poor health care and other technological system will disappear. Electronics for the next twenty years it might program people to function as electronics because the introduction has already began by computers e.g. people are using computers to improve their thinking capacity and to get lot of information. Really electronics is the best thing that symbolise peoples intelligence because amazing things are taking place because of electronics e.g. the night is changed by lights which symbolise th at everything it might be created by electronic devices. 6. REFERENCES 1. F.K. Manasse, J.A Ekiss and C.R Gray, Modern transistor Electronics Analysis and Design,Englewood Cliffs, N .J,prentice-Hall, Inc, 1967,pp ix-1. 2. Electronic engineering-wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.mht, last accessed 10 May 2011. 3. J.G. Linvill and J.F Gibbons, Transistors and active circuits, New York: McGRAW-HALL, 1961, pp 91-97. 4. http://www.clker.com/clipent-11203.htm,last accessed 10 May 2011. 5. http://www.cl,cam.ac.uk/~rja14/papers/SE-16.pdf,last accessed 09 may 2011. 6. B ward, Transistors Ignition systems handbook, Britain, August 1963, pp 92-100.

Introduction To Hard Times :: essays research papers

The shortest of Dickens' novels, Hard Times, was also, until quite recently, the least regarded of them. The comedy is savagely and scornfully sardonic, to the virtual exclusion of the humour - that delighted apprehension of and rejoicing in idiosyncrasy and absurdity for their own sakes, which often cuts right across moral considerations and which we normally take for granted in Dickens. Then, too, the novel is curiously skeletal. There are four separate plots, or at least four separate centres of interest: the re-education through suffering of Mr. Gradgrind, the exposure of Bounderby, the life and death of Stephen Blackpool, and the story of Sissy Jupe. There are present, in other words, all the potentialities of an expansive, discursive novel in the full Dickens manner. But they are not and could not be realised because of the limitation of length Dickens imposed upon himself. The novel was written as a weekly serial story to run through five months of his magazine, Household Words, during 1854. Dickens had to force his story to fit the exigencies of a Procrustean bed and, in doing so, sacrificed the abundance of life characteristic of his genius. That, at any rate, was the general view of Hard Times until in 1948 F.R. Leavis, in his book The Great Tradition, suggested that it was a "moral fable," the hallmark of a moral fable being that "the intention is peculiarly insistent, so that the representative significance of everything in the fable - character, episode, and so on - is immediately apparent as we read." By seeing it as a moral fable, Dr. Leavis produced a brilliant rereading of Hard Times that has changed almost every critic's approach to the novel. Yet a difficulty still remains: the nature of the target of Dickens' satire. Both Gradgrind and Bounderby are emblematic, to the point of caricature, of representative early-nineteenth-century attitudes. Dickens tells us that Gradgrind has "an unbending, utilitarian, matter-of-fact face"; and the novel has been taken as an attack on the philosophical doctrine known as utilitarianism, the doctrine that the greatest happiness of the greatest number should be the guiding principle of conduct. But utilitarianism can also mean the doctrine that utility must be the standard of what is good for man. Perhaps the two meanings come together in the famous Victorian phrase, "enlightened self-interest," the meaning of which will turn entirely upon the definition of "enlightened." Utilitarianism in the philosophical sense , as taught by the noble-minded John Stuart Mill, has had a profound and abiding influence on Western life and thought, and Dickens was certainly not competent to criticise it as a philosophical system.

How to Communicate Bad News Effectively Essay

Communication is the activity of conveying information through the exchange of thoughts, messages, or information, as by speech, visuals, signals, writing, or behavior. Communication requires a sender, a message, and a recipient, although the receiver need not be present or aware of the sender’s intent to communicate at the time of communication; thus communication can occur across vast distances in time and space. Communication requires that the communicating parties share an area of communicative commonality. The communication process is complete once the receiver has understood the message of the sender. Feedback is critical to effective communication between participants. A business can flourish when all objectives of the organization are achieved effectively. For efficiency in an organization, all the people of the organization must be able to convey their message properly. Business communication is the process of establishing a common understanding between or among people within a business environment. Business communication is any communication used to build partnerships, intellectual resources, to promote an idea, a product, and service, with the objective of creating value for your business. Business communication involves constant flow of information. Business communication here plays a very important role in process of directing and controlling the people in the organization. There should be effective communication between superiors and subordinators in an organization, between organization and society at large it is essential for success and growth of an organization. Communication gaps should not occur in any organization. Business communication is goal oriented. The rules, regulations and policies of a company have to be communicated to people  within and outside the organization. Business communication is regulated by certain rules and norms . Effective communication helps in building goodwill of an organization. Importance of business communication to managers Business managers should be able to communicate in number style. -Communication promotes motivation by informing and clarifying the employees about the task to be done, the manner they are performing the task, and how to improve their performance if it is not up to mark. -Communication is a source of information to the organizational members for decision-making process as it helps in identifying and assessing alternative course of actions. -Communication also plays a crucial role in altering individuals attitudes, i.e. a well-informed individual will have better attitude than a less –informed individual. -Communication also helps in socializing: in today’s life the only presence of another individual fosters communication. The flow of communication in an organization The flow of communication in an organization can be in the form of : Downward Communication – flow of information from higher level in an organization to a lower level in an organization. In other words, communication from a superior to subordinates in a chain of command is a downward communication. This communication flow is used by the managers to transmit work related information to the employees at lower levels. Employees require this information for performing their jobs and for meeting the expectations of their managers. Downward communication is used by managers for providing feedback on employees’ performance, giving job instructions, Communicating the organizations mission and vision to the employees. Upward Communication – flow of information from lower authority to higher authority. It provides feedback on how well the organization is functioning. The subordinates use upward communication to convey their problems and performances to their superiors. The subordinates also use upward communication to tell how well they have understood the downward communication. It can also be used by the employees to share their views and ideas and to participate in the decision making process. Upward  communication leads to a more committed and loyal workforce in an organization because the employees are given a chance to raise and speak dissatisfaction issues to the higher levels. The managers get to know about the employees feelings towards their jobs, peers, supervisors and organization in general. Managers can thus accordingly take actions for improved things. Horizontal Communication – flow of information among peers within the same work unit. This is the communication between peers, between managers at same levels or between any horizontal equivalent organizational members. Cross-Channel Communication – exchange of information among employees in different work units who are neither subordinates nor superior to one another. Negative /Bad message Bad message – â€Å"†¦situations where there is either a feeling of no hope, a threat to a person’s mental or physical well-being, a risk of upsetting an established lifestyle, or where a message is given which conveys to an individual fewer choices in his or her life.† Both of the downward and cross channel communication can be related to the concept of relating bad message to an employee. It can be said that how you communicate that bad message will have a significant impact on your organization and its reputation. Bad message can be in any form, it can be i.Termination of appointment ii.Laying off employees iii.Failure in an interview iv.Dealing with bad performance v.Communicating a bad financial situation vi.Rejection of a proposal, among others Communicating bad message is the most difficult information to convey. To those it affects though, it is the most important communication of all. Delivering bad news can be the worst part of the job for any manager. That’s not because the truth, on its face, is difficult to convey. It’s the anxiety of the possibility of handling it poorly and knowing that doing so can worsen the impact on your employees, their productivity, and your whole  company. Any communication can be challenging even when the news being delivered is positive, but when delivered is negative is known as bad message. In business a letter, memo or email that conveys negative or unpleasant information- information that is likely to disappoint, upset, or even anger a reader. Bad messages include rejections (in response to job applications, promotion requests, and the like) negative evaluations, and announcements of policy changes that don’t benefit the reader. What constitutes bad message Bad message is a fact of life for all business professionals, from rejecting job applicants to downturn speaking invitations. Bad message means the reader or the person receiving the news will not be able to accomplish his/her goals. Bad message directly can often be very damaging and unnecessarily hurtful. Goals of communicating bad message Goals are clearly needed a lot to accomplish in one message. These are some of the goals you can develop negative/bad messages that reduce the stress for everyone involved and improve the effectiveness of your communication efforts. There are two goals in communicating bad news we have the primary and secondary goal. Primary goals i. Make the receiver understand the bad news. ii. Help the receiver accept the bad news. iii. Maintain a positive image of you and your organization. Secondary goals i. Reduce bad feelings ii. Convey fairness iii. Eliminate future correspondence iv. Avoid creating legal liability or responsibility for you or your organization. v. Choose appropriate tone and organization Using the 3 writing process Step 1: Plan Your Message When planning your message, you can’t avoid the fact that your audience does not want to hear what you have to say. To minimize the damage to business relationships and to encourage the acceptance of your message, analyze the situation carefully to better understand the context in which the recipient will process your message. Be sure to consider your purpose thoroughly whether it’s straightforward or of more complicated (such as creating a negative performance review, in which you not only give the employee feedback on past performance but also help the person develop a plan to improve future performance.) Similarly, your receiver profile can be simple and obvious in some situations and far more complex in others (such as telling a business partner that you’ve decided to terminate the partnership.) With a clear purpose and your audience’s needs in mind, identify and gather the information your audience will need in order to understand and accept your message. Bad messages can be intensely personal to the recipient, and in many cases recipients have a right to expect a thorough explanation of your answer. Selecting the right medium is critical when delivering bad messages. For example, you might badly damage a business relationship if you use voice mail to reject a long-time employee’s request for a promotion. Since the employee would surely have some important questions to ask, and you would certainly want to soothe hurt feelings, a face-to-face meeting would be the best choice for this situation. Step 2: Write Your Message When conveying a bad message to your colleague, every aspect of effective, diplomatic writing is amplified; after all, the audience does not want to hear a bafd message and might disagree strongly with you. Be sure to maintain the you-attitude, and strive for polite language that emphasizes the positive whenever appropriate. If your credibility hasn’t already been established with an audience, lay out your qualifications for making the decision in question. Recipients of bad messages who don’t think you are credible are more likely to challenge your decision. That’s why, for example, messages related to late payments are often signed by a higher executive. And as always, projecting and protecting your company’s image is a prime concern. If you’re not careful, a negative answer could spin out of control into negative feelings about your company. When you use language that conveys respect and avoids an accusing tone, you protect your audience’s pride. In addition, you can ease the sense of disappointment by using positive words rather than negative ones. Chances are you’ll spend more time on word, sentence, and paragraph choices for negative/bad messages than for any other type of business writing. People who receive bad message often look for subtle shares of meaning, seeking flaws in your reasoning or other ways to challenge the decision. By writing clearly and sensitively, you can take some of the sting out of the bad message and sensitively, you can take some of the sting out of bad news and help your reader to accept your decision and to move on. Step 3: Complete Your Message Your need for carefully pay attention to detail continues as you complete your message. Revise your content to make sure everything is clear, complete, and concise – bearing in mind that even small flaws are magnified as listeners react to your negative news. Produce clear, professional documents, and proofread carefully to eliminate mistakes. Finally, be especially sure that your negative messages are delivered promptly and successfully. Waiting for bad message is hard enough without wondering whether a message was lost. CHOOSING THE BEST APPROACH Conveying bad message to a colleague is never a pleasant task but breaking it at the wrong time or in the wrong way can be the worse, so it’s important  to know the best approaches to breaking bad news. When writing bad message, you will need to choose the direct or indirect approach; however, there are no clear guidelines to help you choose in every case. Ask yourself the following questions to guide your message: i. Will the bad news come as a shock? ii. Does the recipient prefer short messages that get right to the point? iii. How important is this news to the recipient? iv. Do you need to maintain a close working relationship with the recipient? v. Do you need to get the recipient’s attention? vi. What is your organization’s preferred style? vii. How much follow-up communication do you want? CHOOSING POSITIVE WORDS Examples of negative phrasings| Positive alternatives| Your request does not make any sense| Please clarify your request| Due to unforeseen circumstances: I won’t be able to attend your meeting| Because my flight has been delayed I will miss for your meeting.| Unfortunately we haven’t received your payment.| Your payment hasn’t arrived yet.| The enclosed signature is wrong| Please recheck the enclosed signature.| | | | APPROACHES TO DELIVERING BAD MESSAGE The direct approach and the indirect approach Effective bad news messages convey the negative information the receiver must receive with an eye toward keeping future business. Without even thinking about it, you’ve probably been using both the direct and indirect approaches to deliver bad news your entire life. When you come right out and tell somebody some bad news, you’re using a direct approach. When you try to soften the impact by easing your way into the conversation before delivering the bad news, you’re using an indirect approach. Chances are that you’ve already developed an instinctive feel for which approach to use in many situations. In conveying your message, you will need to make a similar choice whenever you deliver bad news; however, there are no clear guidelines to help you choose in every case. Most bad news messages will be better accepted by our listeners if we use the indirect approach. The care we take to soften the blow will result in effective messages that consider the readers’ feelings and keeping their business. The direct approach We use the direct message when the receiver i. Prefers bad news first ii. Is emotionally uninvolved iii. Will be unaffected by the bad news The Indirect Approach for bad Messages The indirect approach helps recipient prepare for the bad message by presenting the reasons for the bad message first. When done right, it doesn’t obscure bad message, delay it, or limits your responsibility. Rather, the indirect approach eases the blow and help recipient accept the situation. 1. Open with a buffer A buffer expresses your appreciation for being thought of, assures the reader of your attention to the request, compliments the recipient, or indicates your understanding of the recipient’s needs. A buffer must not insult the audience with insincere flattery or self-promoting blather. Because it sets the stage for the bad news to follow, it must be both sincere and relevant so that readers don’t feel they are being set up. The first step in using the indirect approach is to start with a buffer, a neutral, non-controversial statement that is closely related to the point of the message. A buffer establishes common ground with your listener; moreover, if you’re responding to a request, a buffer validates that request. Some critics believe that using a buffer is manipulative and unethical, even dishonest. However, buffers are unethical only if they’re insincere or deceptive. Showing consideration for the feelings of others is never dishonest. Here are several types of effective buffers you could use to tactfully open a bad message. viii. Appreciation (Thank you for applying for a change of duties). ix. Agreement (We both know how hard it is to make a profit in this industry). x. Cooperation xi. Understanding xii. Praise Here are some other things to avoid when using a buffer to open a bad message: xiii. Avoid saying â€Å"no.† xiv. Avoid using a know-it-all tone. xv. Avoid wordy and irrelevant phrases and sentences. xvi. Avoid apologizing. xvii. Avoid using a buffer that is too long 2. Provide Reasons: By giving your reasons effectively, you help maintain focus on the issues at hand and defuse the emotions that always accompany significantly bad news. As you lay out your reasons, guide your readers’ responses by starting with the most positive point’s first and moving forward to increasingly negative ones. Provide enough detail for the receiver to understand your reasons, but be concise; a long, roundabout explanation will just make your audience impatient. Your reasons need to convince your receiver that your decision is justified, fair, and logical. 3. Continue with a Clear Statement of the Bad News: First, de-emphasize the bad message: Minimize the space or time devoted to the bad news—without trivializing it or withholding any important information. Subordinate bad news in a complex or compound sentence (â€Å"My department is already shorthanded, so I’ll need all my staff for at least the next two months†) This construction pushes the bad news into the middle of the sentence, the point of least emphasis. Embed bad news in the middle of a paragraph or use parenthetical expression (â€Å"Our profits, which are down, are only part of the picture†). However, keep in mind that it’s possible to abuse de-emphasis. For instance,  if the primary point of your message is that profits are down, it would be inappropriate to marginalize that news by burying it in the middle of a sentence. Second, use a conditional (if or when) statement to imply that the audience could have received, or might someday receive, a favorable answer (â€Å"When you have more managerial experience, you are welcome to reapply†). Such a statement could motivate applicants to improve their qualifications. Third, emphasize what you can do or have done, rather than what you cannot do. (â€Å"The five positions currently open have been filled with people whose qualification match those uncovered in our research†). By focusing on the positive and implying the bad news, you make the impact less personal. When implying bad news, be sure your audience understands the entire message – including the bad news. Withholding negative information or overemphasizing positive information is unethical and unfair to your reader. If an implied message might lead to uncertainty, state your decision in direct terms. Just be sure to avoid overly blunt statements that are likely to cause pain and anger. TECHNIQUES FOR CUSHIONING THE BAD MESSAGE i. Position the bad news strategically, avoid the spotlight: Put the bad news in the middle of a paragraph halfway through the message ii. Use a long sentence: Don’t put the bad news in a short, simple sentence. iii. Place the bad message in a subordinate clause: Although we have no opening for an individual with your qualifications at this time, we are pleased that you thought of us when you started your job search. iv. Be clear but not overly graphic v. Imply the refusal vi. Suggest a compromise or an alternative vii. Consider using the passive voice: Passive-voice verbs focus attention on actions rather than on personalities. They are useful in being tactful. COMMUNICATING BAD MESSAGE EFFECTIVELY 5CS Once you have carefully choosing the approach you would use to communicate effectively using these techniques you should know that the objective of a bad message is to convey the bad news without bruising the reader’s feelings. 5Cs to communicate bad message effectively i. Cutbacks: Avoid statements that might involve the company in legal actions. One thing that won’t be appreciated right now is sugar coating. Don’t wrap the news in pretty paper or dance around it. Plainly specify who, what, where, and how. ii. Context: Explain the reasons for the problem don’t be out of context be on point and give reasons, do not deviate from the reason to please the listener. iii. Compassion: Try as much as possible not to blame anyone around the resulting condition. Respect and proactively acknowledge natural emotions. iv. Candor: Candor means the quality of being open and honest in expression. The truth may hurt, but any attempt to mislead is unforgiveable. v. Consistency: Conform yourself in conveying the news for the sake of accuracy and fairness. Everything communicates avoid saying one thing and doing another. ELEMENTS /TIP OF BAD MESSAGE OF COMMUNICATION i. Set the stage: When framing your delivery of the message, first try to get into their heads and think about what’s important to them. Think about how the news will impact the audience and also think about how it impacts you. Then relay that information. By revealing your personal feelings about the situation, you can build a rapport and practice empathy that can help to fend off the audience’s natural reactions which may be anger, resentment or any number of other feelings. ii. Be direct: Avoid talking too much and clouding the issues. It’s important to succinctly explain the situation and the steps that must be taken. Don’t try to sugar coat the message because you’ll likely end up confusing your audience. iii. Acknowledge the problem: When bad news has to be delivered despite the hard work and efforts of the team, it is imperative that you acknowledge and recognize their efforts and then carefully explain the decision along with the plan for turning things around. iv. Know what you want the audience to feel, think or do after they hear your news. Then, as you’re framing your delivery, be sure to communicate the facts, the steps that are being taken, and what you need them to do. v. Practice: As with just about anything, practice makes perfect. By rehearsing the conversation, you’ll become more comfortable and confident about what needs to be said. And, when you deliver the news with confidence, your audience is much more likely to not only respect you, but also be able to accept that the bad news is out there and you’re now doing everything you can to make things right. vi. Stay on topic: When having to deliver bad news, it’s very easy to take an off-ramp and become side-tracked as a way to avoid the inevitable. By doing this, you’re only making the task harder for yourself and more confusing for your audience. vii. Don’t let your audience steer the conversation: Bad news can make people emotional, particularly when it involves performance feedback or the need to terminate employment. Acknowledge the other person’s feelings, give them a minute (or 10) to collect themselves, and move forward with the conversation. Putting it off for another day doesn’t help anyone in the long run. viii. Provide alternatives: When it’s necessary to provide critical feedback, it’s necessary to also provide alternative actions as well as a timeline for completion. While you may have some concrete ideas for actions that need to be taken, you’ll be better served by following the next two steps before firming up your plan. ix. Ask for feedback: Ask your audience open-ended questions that are directly related to the issue at hand and do what you can to make the environment safe enough to allow the person or people to feel comfortable sharing their thoughts and ideas. x. Listen. : By not speaking and trying to fill in the gaps in the conversation, you are opening the door for the other person to provide feedback and to communicate what they really think. In addition, make sure you’re actively listening to what they have to say rather than thinking about how great it will be when the conversation is finally over. By listening, you’ll be much better able to work with the person or team to move beyond the bad message and begin the work that needs to be done to rectify the situation. DON’TS IN COMMUNICATING BAD MESSAGE i. Do not make promises about the future that may not hold true. ii. Do not overreact. iii. Do not try to protect others from bad news or yourself from sharing it. iv. Don’t make initial statement or announcement through emails. v. Don’t flout company policy if you want to share something you have been asked not to. vi. Don’t let the receiver hear the news outside. vii. Don’t communicate bad news through text messages. viii. Don’t hide behind company policy.

River essays

River essays Review: A River Runs Through It is a deceptively simple story about a typical, early-twentieth century Montana family. It traces the lives of two brothers from boyhood to adulthood. Water, and a river in particular, are symbolic of the fact that most of the events in any life are accidental or arbitrary, especially the crucial ones. This is one of those movies that truly transports you to another time and another place. The Montana wilderness is breathtaking, and the scenes of the fly-fishing are exceptional. Robert Redford seems too have a talent of capturing dysfunctional families on film. His Oscar-winning "Ordinary People", displayed his remarkable ability to convey such material. Much of the film focuses on Norman's efforts to understand Paul as he attempts to derail the latter's self-destructive tendencies. I particularly remember when Norman is trying to convince Paul to come with him and Jesse to Chicago, and Paul's response: "Oh, I'll never leave Montana, brother." It was pr ophetic for many reasons and has much meaning. The one peaceful place in their lives is the river, where fly fishing takes on larger meaning as it provides sanctuary. One has to listen to the dialogue closely at times...the following is another example of the exceptional writing in this movie: Dear Jesse, as the moon lingers a moment over the bitterroots, before its descent into the invisible, my mind is filled with song. I find I am humming softly; not to the music, but something else; some place else; a place remembered; a field of grass where no one seemed to have been; except a deer; and the memory is strengthened by the feeling of you, dancing in my awkward arms. The final scene of the old man standing there in the river is one of my favorite endings of all time...few lines are as chilling as the narrators Im haunted by waters. Review by Aaron Caldwell ...

buy custom The Cutting Edge Salon essay

buy custom The Cutting Edge Salon essay This is basically a new salon and the proposed name will be `The Cutting Edge Salon The location of this salon will be on busy street .This agreement was reached at after doing some extensive consultation and market research. We went out to get the operating license from the authorities and the info that we found from hair dresser Licenses allows us to get products .This can also be found or acquired by any other person with the intentions of getting in to this business directly from the manufacturers of the product, from a hair product supply company which exclusively sells products to hairdressers. This can also be got from an individual who basically does outside sales as a sales representative .We plan to get our products directly from the manufacturing company or from their representatives who visits other hair salons and takes and delivers orders for the salons. Depending on the quantity of hairdressers and manicurists on hand ,we intend to operate the salon in such away that the salon can average between 16-18 clients per one hairdresser and close to ten(10) clients on average per one manicurists. For a service like a hair cut orsomething like a blow out for one clients, we intend to take a proximately an hour to one and a half, this will ensure that we do a great job on our clients. When it comes to dying and doing a blow out ,which takes relatively more time ,we intend to spend a proximately two hours .This will be the responsibility of one Keratin. The salon was moved a new location because of the expected more clients ,its only two hours from the previous location .This move was made because according to our research on customer base ,we are likely to have more clients by moving it between the turnpike and palmetto, This place is believed to have a more diversified clientele. Here the waiting time is likely to be less compared to our old location, here it is likely to take one customer only fifteen minutes (15) but this can extend to something like half an hour. Clients will be required to schedule their appointments so that when they come to get their services they actually dont have to waste a lot of their time by waiting .There will be a great atmosphere and ambience created by management to ensure that clients feel as comfortable as possible. This will be made possible by making the place fun to hangout .There will be magazinees on fashion, style, lifestyles and so on and so forth to keep customers busy. The hairdressers at our salon will attempt engaging customers in conversation with the waiting customers, they will wine and horduerves will also be served over the weekends particularly on Saturdays. The inventory here will be handled by the individual stylists who deal with their respective customers. Each of them will have a separate system on how they track their inventory. They will be responsible for anything that happens to their inventory. Customers can place their order for replenishment incase need arises. Cleaning will definitely be outsourced .The shampooist will also be charged with the responsibility of sweeping and cleaning all the bathrooms. The hairdressers will be charged with the responsibility of running their own working stations. They will also be responsible for fixing the styles of unhappy clients or try to accommodate them and give them whatever other service they may be in need of. The production process design will be monitored by the management to ensure that none of the clients gets a raw deal for their money. The quality of our services will be given priority to ensure that we dont lose business. Buy custom "The Cutting Edge Salon" essay

Societal Impact of Nonprofit Organizations Essay

Societal Impact of Nonprofit Organizations - Essay Example This is essential because these people have been sidelined for very long due to their color and backgrounds. Philanthropists are persons who the heart and the will to help the less fortunate in the society. Most of the known philanthropists are known to have a lot of money hence opting to the carry out activities in the society aimed at developing the community. My favorite philanthropist is Ben Carson because of his inspirational teachings and stake in community based projects that he funds in many countries of the world. Nonprofit organizations play vital roles in the societies since they fight for the rights of the minority and the oppressed in the society. In most cases, they focus on provision of basic services to the less fortunate people in the society. These include the poor and the sick in the community. These organizations ensure that these people get proper medical services and food commodities. The level of U.S. exports to Mexico is influenced by factors such as exchange rates and capital flow within the two countries. It is also the affected by comparative advantage of products and prices of U. S. goods relative to other players in the market. Finally, government legislations play key roles in this trade, as well. The level of U.S. imports from Mexico is influenced by factors such as exchange rates and capital flow within the two countries. It is also affected by comparative advantage of products and prices of Mexican goods relative to other players in the market.

Response to Evolution questions Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Response to Evolution questions - Research Paper Example In addition, all human beings have a common ancestor in some part. Hence all living organisms connect or relate through the tree of life in some respect. The second most common feature is that only the fittest of organisms survive and reproduce offspring. Evolution can be noted in various organisms such as butterflies. Butterflies have modified their shape, color etc. over time to adapt to the environment in which they live. Evolution has also affected humans in many ways, and, theorists believe apes are the predecessors of evolved species called humans. The authors, Hughes et al. observe that humans share nearly 95% of their DNA structure with chimpanzees who are considered closest animal relatives to humans. Since evolution has come into the knowledge of people, a conflict between religion and science has emerged. Evolution is primarily based on ideas and concepts taken from religion. Bascom argues that the concept of creation and evolution are not contradictory and, therefore, should be studied together in this respect. Very strong controversy erupted when Charles Darwin presented his theory of natural selection in the year 1859. The author, Myers states that the concepts, which were presented, by Darwin altogether changed the human ideology related to evolution and how we study the human race today. Evolution can be regarded as the mutation which takes place in an organism in consecutive generations. Heng postulates that predecessors often inherit such changes and evolution explains the variety of such changes at each and every level of organic structure. Natural selection is a slow and steady process by which biological mannerism becomes common in any population of an organism. This is the primary mechanism of biological change and is referred to as evolution. The most renowned feature of evolution is that all species living today are somehow successors of species which existed earlier. In addition, all human beings

Just-in-time (JIT) Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Just-in-time (JIT) - Research Paper Example According to Helle (1988), integrating the concept of JIT scheduling with the MRP-II could not only preserve the simplicity of MRP-II design but also enables the end-users to easily understand the purpose of using the MRP-II (p. 100). Even though both the concept of JIT and MRP-II aims to reduce the bottle-necks that could hinder the flow of production, the success of JIT scheduling is still highly dependent on the capabilities of the MRP-II. In general, the application of MRP II can lead to management problems related to inaccurate information entered in MRP II software, the absence of proper skills necessary for the implementation of effective production planning and control system, the absence of top-management support, and the probability wherein the MRP II report will be by-passed by staff (Sheikh, pp. 190 – 192). Since manufacturing and control system is complex by nature, problems related to the use of MRP-II could negatively affect the success of implementing an efficient JIT scheduling. For example: Staff of Manufacturing X does not support the implementation of MRP-II system. Since JIT scheduling and MRP-II has been integrated to improve the flow of production, the lack of employee support over the use of MRP-II system could still result to inefficient JIT scheduling

Monterey, Ca Essay Example for Free

Monterey, Ca Essay Whenever I tell someone that I am from California I am automatically asked about palm trees, the sun, hot weather, tanning, the beach, richness, etc. However, it’s not like that for me, I’m not from San Diego or Santa Clara, I’m from a small town in Central California with a population of about thirty thousand people, Monterey and it is a popular tourist attraction. The weather is about the same year round, between 60-70 degrees. It is rare the day we get up to 90 to 95 degrees. On those days it is as if I did life in San Diego. When we get out of school, everyone goes to the beach. We spend hours there, girls mainly tanning while the boys skim board, surf, swim, or play beach volleyball. At night we’ll set up a bonfire. We don’t do this only on the hot days, it does not matter what day of the season it is well set up bonfires all the time. It was a great thing to do at night, laying by the fire, drinking, smoking, eating, making smores, etc. Monterey is mainly known for its marine life. It has one of the biggest aquariums in North America. Monterey Bay Aquarium gives many scientists access to different marine life for research. It just opened a new Jellyfish exhibit and a year or so ago remodeled the Open Sea. The aquarium has two main parts, the open sea and the ocean’s edge. In the open sea you can see the Puffins, the Jellies Experience, The Secret Lives of Seahorses, and an Auditorium. Where as in the Ocean’s Edge part of the aquarium you can see the Kelp Forest, the Habitats, Penguins, and even the Touch Pools. There is no student in the Monterey County who has not been to this aquarium, I know this for a fact because every first grader goes to the aquarium as a field trip. The teacher gives each student a clipboard with a worksheet on it. Then he class is broken up in to groups and each has a chaperone and an aquarium guide. As everyone walks around, the students must fill out the work sheet. Every student covers every inch of the aquarium, from the otters to the roof, and even to the lab rooms. The Monterey Bay Aquarium is located at the end of Cannery Row. Cannery Row was named after the novel by John Steinbeck that took place there. In high school, we were obligated to read John Steinbeck’s Cannery Row in order to get an idea of how it was in his time. There, I can promise you that you will be trampled by tourists. There are tourist everywhere, because Cannery Row is literally right next to the beach is has a very strong smell of fish and sea water, combined. On the both sides of the street you will see restaurants after restaurants, like Bubba Gump Shrimp Company, El Torito, Fish Hopper, Johnny Rocket’s, and Sly McFly’s. There are also many souvenir shops and a Starbucks and a Dip-n-Dots, and also a few clubs and bars. One street up from Cannery Row, a block away from the aquarium, is the American Tin Cannery. Years and years ago it used to be a world wide famous sardine factory which ending because the sardines disappeared tragically. Now, it is an outlet store and it has a couple of restaurants, my favorite bei ng First Awakenings. It is a breakfast, lunch diner, I used to go every Mondays before school with my family for breakfast. Walking past Cannery Row is a bike path, which has always been on of my favorite things to do. The bike path goes on for a couple of miles, a few feet from the edge of the ocean and on the other side are magnificent houses, hotels, the lighthouse, and a small golf course. It eventually leads into Pacific Grove and then Asilomar Beach, the dog beach. This is where most high school students go for their Winterball or Prom pictures. If I were to walk the opposite way of the path I would be going back to Cannery Row, passing Cannery Row I would end up at San Carlos Beach. San Carlos Beach is nothing big, a very small, private beach. I hardly ever see anyone there. Back on the bike path, passing San Carlos Beach I am heading toward the Old Fisherman’s Wharf, another very touristic destination. This Wharf has three major owners, one owns the front part, the other owns Old Fisherman’s Grotto, and the third owns most of the other shops, and restaurants at the end of the wharf. I worked at Gilbert’s on the wharf on summer and part of the school year. I was the ‘clam chowder girl’. That summer I just stood there, serving chowder to all these tourists from all over the world; Italy, France, Mexico, Spain, the Middle East, etc. I would get in trouble every now and then if I would socialize with them. At the end of the wharf there is always either a man or a women who draws caricatures and on the bottom adds a whale, ocean or the wharf. The reason why he or she does a whale is because right next to the booth is another booth for whale watching. I did it once and I did not see whales but others have said they have seen them. One the other side of the Old Fisherman’s Wharf is another wharf. That wharf consists mostly of parked cars, a couple of small restaurants and a fish market at the end. At the fish market they sell fresh fish. They will go fishing and keep the fish alive, one a customer comes in and orders whatever they please, the fishermen will kill the fish right in front of you so you know that it is fresh. Every now and then I see a big ship on the dock. In-between these two wharfs is filled with sail boats, yhats, house boats, fishing boats, etc. Walking on the bike path next to this part of the dock, if I were to look down to the ocean, you can see otters, hundreds of otters, crying, sleeping or just playing around. Across from Old Fisherman’s Wharf is a path that leading into Downtown Monterey. Alvarado Street is at the heart of Downtown and it’s one the places teens and adults are seen at a lot. There are approximately seven to ten clubs and bars on this street, so its hardly ever empty. About two years ago we got a Myo there. Myo is equivalent to a Pink Berry, only better in my opinion. You’re able to get your own serving but keep in mind that you’re being charged 65 cents per ounce. I believe it is owned by two Monterey firefighters. On Tuesdays, the city closes the street to vehicles because there is a Farmer’s Market. There are food stands, fruit/vegatable stands, handmade jewelry sellers, CHOMP blood drive, to clothing vendors. A street up from Alvarado is the Monterey Police Station, Monterey Fire Department, and the Public Library. A few streets down from Alvarado is the first church built in California, San Carlos Church, formally known as San Carlos Cathedral. Next door to the church is a private Catholic school, San Carlos School. I attended this school for elementary and middle school. It is a very small school, one class for each grade. We had a uniform, therefore, the elementary girls had to wear plaid dresses with a white or navy blue polo and the boys had to wear navy blue pants and a polo. The middle school girls couldnt wear the dresses anymore so we had to wear plaid skirts with the polos and the boys had the same uniform as the younger boys. My graduating class only had 20 kids because we were such a small school, our class was very close and most of us went to the same high school after. Monterey has four high school, Santa Catalina, York, Trinity, and Monterey high school. The Del Monte Shopping Center is where students mainly hang out because of the restaurants, stores and the movie theater. Century 21, is the only movie theater in Monterey. The mall is not very big but it has the main things people go to buy like, Starbucks, Jamba Juice, HM, Forever 21, Victoria Secret, Cold Stone, etc. The crime violence is very high in the city’s around Monterey but in Monterey itself is not to bad. We don’t hear about shooting or murders. However, it has been getting high in the cities around Monterey, and it worries some of the residents. It was disappointing to learn that crime violence in now creeping into Monterey. One thing that keeps the residence calm is that the Monterey Police Department do not rest with crime and they do, do something about it, immediately. In Seaside, and or Salinas it is a harder for them get the criminal. Monterey has and always will be my home. I grew up there, I lived there, I love it there, it is a place where I can feel at ease. It makes others feel at home. I have been told, and heard that tourists, celebrities, and residents all think that this is on of the prettiest places in California and of the world. It makes me feel proud to be part of the Monterey community, to be a part of something that others wished they could be a part. I recommend that everyone should see Monterey, at least once in their lifetime.

Analysis of Tescos Online Marketing Strategy

Analysis of Tescos Online Marketing Strategy The Importance of online shopping in todays modern era is a fact that all organizations realize and amalgamate in their systems. The fast attractive, handy and approachable nature of online shopping is a revelation and must be said an incredible beginning to the innovations in the modern days. People can find what they need easily while surfing from the convenience of their homes, and they can search for varieties as well as look for desirable discounts related to different products. However, it is important to realize that there are certain cons related with the idea of internet shopping as some people still believe that internet shopping is more risky than traditional shopping due to the lack of opportunity to physically examine the product and the lack of personal contact. Goldsmith and Goldsmith (2002); Phau Poon (2000). The immensity of the potential of the Internet in business transactions is undeniable in the modern age (Cheung and Lee, 2006). However, like all other technology, the pros and cons of Internet as a business medium are also widely accepted by consumers as well as marketers, as while buyers can shop literally around the clock they may also have to deal with enormous amounts of unwanted information about products (Huang, Chung and Chen, 2003). Hence, the need to critically examine the viability of this medium is crucially important for founding basis of future business environment (Clewley, Chen and Liu, 2009). Indeed the most interesting feature of this new dimension of marketing and strategy-building is the behaviour of the consumers, which shows that online shopping the most popular purpose of Internet usage among common consumers (Forsythe and Shi, 2003). This has also increased scope of research on the subject of strategies used by firms in retaining customers through the Internet (Reibstein, 2002; Jiang and Rosenbloom, 2005), which are now much important (Ellis-Chadwick, Doherty and Anastasakis, 2007). Aim and Scope of the Research: The focus and scope of this research will revolve around Tesco which is one of the UKs retailing giants and enjoys a huge presence in the UK due to its wide scope network of retailing activities. This research aims at identifying and highlighting the marketing strategy of Tesco and the way it can cope with the industry norms and standards. The focus of the marketing strategy will be on the e marketing or digital marketing framework applicable in the industry and how Tesco can use the internet to market and sell its product along with widespread promotional campaigns and identification of the buying behaviours. It is important to realize that Tesco being a huge retail industry in the United Kingdom has a huge responsibility on its shoulder in order to cater to the needs of its customers who are the key stakeholders in Tescos marketing strategies. SMART Objectives: Specific Measurable Achievable Realistic Timed The Aim of this research shall be relevant to the SMART objectives OBJECTIVES OF THE RESEARCH: The Primary objective is to make the consumers of the Tesco products beware of the online marketing tool. Another objective is to measure the performance of the online profiling through internet surveys and consumers analysis of the products. Make efforts to increase the internet consumption through online marketing tools and advertising through a wide range of media players. Making a timely and budgeted forecasts of the efforts needed in internet marketing and the tools that are required for the effective internet marketing. Making realistic goals related to the efficiency of the marketing strategies and their effectiveness in bringing the internet to the consumers door step. Research Questions: Following are the proposed research questions for the study: How has IT helped Tesco in strategic customer retention over the years? What are the key determinants of success for Tescos online marketing strategy? What are the fundamental elements of the e-marketing strategy of Tesco? What are the future prospects of online marketing for Tesco? Primary Research and Data Analysis: The primary research will be done through interviews and questionnaires that will focus on how the consumers think about the online shopping and what motivates and influences them to shop online from Tesco.com. The data analysis will be done in order to gain influential insights into the marketing strategies of Tesco and online marketing strategies and what should be done to impact the international arena. Realizations of the buying behaviours is always crucial when doing the primary research as we will study in this literature that buying behaviours varies with respect to the demographics as well as it influences the external environment. This is also very significant due to the marketability of the tesco products as well as knowing that some people are not particularly confident while buying online while others prefer to buy online. CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW Tesco being the leading food retailers in the United Kingdom and Ireland has its branches all over the UK. The company excels in the provision of quality food items and other retail households. The companys annual online sales exceeded an overwhelming $ 5 billion where as Tesco.com is known as the worlds largest online grocer. The customer base that is attracted by Tesco is a little less than 1 million and more than 250,000 orders that are being completed each week. The company has a very effective and integrated supply chain that consists of 1900 vans that operate and approx. 300 stores and 9000 pickers. The company dominated in the offline and online grocery market and has looked for other areas that need expansion, with a market share of UK retailing being 12.5%. The main competitor of tesco in the retail industry network is Asda, Morrisons, and Sainsbury. The Asda , that is owned by the US corporation Wall Mart since the year 1999 is the only super market that has been a major co mpetitor for Tesco. Wall Mart being the biggest food chain in the world has the annual sales that is eight times that of tesco, where as the clothing firm own by ASDA known as George provides a diverse range of clothing in the UK and there are plans for the company to takeover Matalan, i.e. the giant clothing and home furnishing store. The other major competitors to Tesco are Sainsbury that used to be the UK s biggest grocer until 1995, when Tesco emerged as the leading grocer. However, despite the drastic declines in the performances of Sainsbury it is known that ASDAs share being 16.6% compared to Sainsburys 16.22% i.e. not far behind. However, there are seemingly diverse growth opportunities for Tesco in the retail industry as Tesco believes that if there is any market share left there is also a potential for growth and expansion. In order to have a detailed and proper understanding of the online marketing policy as an analyst or a practitioner it is important to have a detailed study on the choices made by the organizations and also have an understanding of their behaviours. Shapiro, J.C hoque,K Keesler, I Richardson, R (2008). There are also some challenges faced by the company in online selling i.e. how to succeed without having huge expenses. The course of this literature will focus primarily on the online marketing strategies for Tesco, but it is foremost and important to discuss the technological drivers of change in the process. This is a fact that the UK internet penetration was almost 64% and the Irelands internet penetration was almost 51% , however, these results make very clear statements for new an d emerging online shopping markets. The company also relishes creating a valuable and sustainable supply chain, however, the company didnt have to change its supply chain due to its new strategy, but there was a need for more to be done in the area of online marketing. Tesco also defined and redefined the customer needs and also expanded the range of products being offered online and fulfilment of the needs. This new strategy also helped tesco immensely in the expansion of the product line without making any drastic changes. 2.1 Digital Marketing: Tesco can use digital marketing with good effect to add value to the marketing strategies and promotional benefits. Although the company has a huge global presence but the growing age of the internet as a medium can be used much more effectively by the company. They can e-market and launch their upcoming products and sell it with a bigger and better effect. They must also look at the competitors digital marketing strategies and analyse the pros and cons of e marketing as a tool. The global companies like ASDA, Sainsbury and Morrison are competitors of Tesco and they have a global presence as they use digital marketing with huge effect. 2.2 Creative Marketing: Marketing itself is a very creative and innovative field with various applications and implications. However, creative marketing is something different and innovative than any other type of marketing. Tesco being a global brand has a big brand name as well as a brand image. To maintain this company must influence its marketing team to be creative and innovative by bringing various dimensions into the marketing strategies. Creativity will bring more enhancements and attractiveness into the diverse range of products that the company deals in. They can also bring competition in creativity by selling best ideas and rewarding those ideas accordingly. Creativity always influences the customer and selling strategies always lay a desirable impact on the sales and productivity of any firm. This literature will discuss how digital marketing and creative marketing aspects can be used by Tesco to influence the buying behaviour of their customers and target a huge audience. Online marketing is the best way to attract customers and have efficient and effective marketing strategies that will be sustainable for the companys growth in future. Its important to realize that marketing is a very tactical and at the same time somewhat technical approach to bringing customers closer to the brand and creating a brand image as well as an influence in the eyes of the key stakeholders i.e. the consumers. Hence it is critical to understand the consumer behaviour and how the customers influences are affected by the change in the companys strategy. A customers loyalty is significant to achieve milestones and targets that are influenced by goals and agendas that are critical in the longer run and demonstrates a significant thinking of the behavioural aspects of the consumers. The Importance of Brand Identity: Brand identity is one of the crucial elements in the value that a brand creates in terms of its marketability, accessibility, and competitiveness. Brand identity is a firms most valued assets that it can capitalize on to have profits for long periods as an identity is the most basic investment that a company makes to establish its brand image. A brand identity has a lot to do with the online marketing and promotional aspects of the company like the calibre and stature of Tesco. Attracting customers towards a specific brand is not the only way a company can take advantage of its brand image; it has also to focus on a strong employers brand. In totality it is important to realize that companies always capitalize on their initial marketing strategies, promotional campaigns and investments they make in their brand. Branding is a marketing strategy for creating, nurturing and even fostering the development of relevant and appropriate brand value propositions Abimbola, T Kocak, A(2007). Fig 1: Brand Image Model Consumer Behaviour: The consumer behaviour is the relation with the consumers responsiveness and their attitudes. It has to do with the consumers reaction to the different products that are being launched in the retail industry (Tesco) and the products that are more famous amongst the consumers. There is a relation to the demographics of the environment i.e. the composition of the age, sex, age groups, location and cultural diversities. Companies these days have become more and more feedback oriented. Lerman, D (2006) with the help of customer satisfaction surveys and questionnaires. Consumers perceptions may differ from loyalty because of ignorance or lack of salience of origin. Consumer behaviour is basically the identification of consumers attitude towards a specific brand and as according to MacInnis, H(2007) attitudes are important because they guide our thoughts i.e. the cognitive function, influence our feelings, i.e. the emotional intelligence and also affect our behaviour i.e. the cognitive function. Whatever the consumers of a certain product or influencing class decides which ads to read, whom to talk to, where to shop and where to eat is all based on the attitudes and their personal likings. This fact is similar in the case scenario of the all important retail industry where the trust factor is important as people most often dont trust the least known or not well known brands in the industry. Online marketing can play a very significant role regards to the key aspects concerned with consumer behaviour and consumer dynamics and it is critical to realize how the consumers think of a specific brand and its branding significance related to the industr y. Market Segmentation: Market segmentation is the defining and sub dividing a large common that into segments that are clearly identified and has similar requirements, and demand characteristics. These segmentations are made according to the diversities in the culture and the geographical norms. The four factors that has the most effects on the market are the clear identification of the segments, a measure of its effective size, accessibility through promotional efforts and appropriateness to the policies and the resources of the firm. The four basic market segmentation strategies are based on behavioural, demographic, psychographic and the geographical differences. Behavioural Intentions Behavioural intentions have a huge amount of significance regards to the behaviours of customers in terms of a brands image and its significance. Attribution theory is concerned with all the aspects of assigning casual inferences and how these particular interpretations influence behaviours. Swanson, S.R Davis, J.C(2003). The behavioural approach has a generalized focus on the market share, brand allegiance, exclusive purchase, and elasticity and/ or price until switching. Both the behavioural and the attitudinal approaches are have been given heavy criticism while the attitudinal approach has focused laid on the attitudes , the loyal and the disloyal acts , the brand preference of the consumers and the probability of purchase. White, C Yu, Y.T(2005). In the paradigm of the online marketing tools it is desirable and most significant to realize that how the behaviours and marketability aspects of the Tesco online products are grasped, evaluated and monitored by the consumers. Customer Satisfaction: Customer satisfaction holds vitality regards to the branding strategies as customers are the end users of a product. Customer satisfaction can be achieved through absolute customer focus and customer retention that can only be achieved if the needs of the customers are catered keeping in mind the productivity and brand loyalty aspects. According to Caruana, A(2002) the expectancy/ disconfirmation in the process theory provides a vast amount of satisfaction studies that rely heavily on expectations, performance ,disconfirmation and satisfaction. Fig 2: Customer Satisfaction model The above model for customer satisfaction shows the customer as the mediator between the service quality and the service loyalty aspects that are involved in a customer and their relationship with a company. Customer acts as a backbone to the branding strategies of a company as the customer are the opinion makers regards to brand significance and its vulnerability in a market.